Java的包装类型

本文最后更新于:2022年2月9日 11:19

概述

顾名思义,包装类型就是对基本类型的封装的对象。

基本类型包装类型大小默认值
booleanBoolean1Bfalse
byteByte1B0
shortShort2B0
charCharacter2B‘\u0000’
intInteger4B0
longLong8B0L
floatFloat4B0.0f
doubleDouble8B0.0d

包装类型

为啥需要包装类型?
将基本类型封装成对象,提供更多的功能,解决基础类型无法解决的问题:泛型类型参数、序列化、数据类型转换、高频区间数据缓存。
例如:

  • 泛型类型参数的问题:List<int> list; 这种定义是否无法通过编译的,需要将int 转成对应的包装类型 Integer ,才运行添加到集合中;

  • 类型转换的问题:提供 Integer.valueOf("123") 将字符串转成数字的功;

  • 高频区间数据缓存的问题:Integer.java 源码中 valueOf(int i) 的方法,提供 -128~127高频区间的数据缓存。

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    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
    if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
    return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
    return new Integer(i);
    }

包装类型和基本类型的互相转化

JDk 5 以前没有自动拆装箱,可以通过下面的方式进行装箱和拆箱:

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// 装箱
Long wrapperLong = new Long(1);
// 拆箱
long aLong = wrapperLong.longValue();

拥有了自动拆装箱的代码,相对会简洁一些:

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// 自动装箱
Long wrapperLong = 1L;
// 自动拆箱
long aLong = wrapperLong;

简单的例子,说明一下它们的区别

源代码:

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/**
* 基础类型学习,如果两个数 相等,相加后返回,否则直接返回第一个参数。
*
* @author jaryoung.com
* @since 1.0.0 2019-04-02 15:01
*/
public class PrimitiveTypeStudy {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// 自动装箱
Long wrapperLong = 1L;
// 自动拆箱
long aLong = wrapperLong;
add(Long.valueOf(1L), Long.valueOf(1L));
add(Long.valueOf(1L), 1L);
add(1L, 1L);
}

/**
* 测试 所有数据都为 长整型 包装类型
*
* @param first 长整型 包装类型
* @param second 长整型 包装类型
* @return 长整型 包装类型
*/
public static Long add(Long first, Long second) {
if (first.equals(second)) {
return first + second;
}
return first;
}

/**
* 测试 second 参数为 基本类型,其他均为 包装类型
*
* @param first 长整型 包装类型
* @param second 长整型 基本类型
* @return 长整型 包装类型
*/
public static long add(Long first, long second) {
if (first.equals(second)) {
return first + second;
}
return first;
}

/**
* 测试 所有数据都为 长整型 基本类型
*
* @param first 长整型 基本类型
* @param second 长整型 基本类型
* @return 长整型 包装类型
*/
public static long add(long first, long second) {
if (first == second) {
return first + second;
}
return first;
}


}

反编译回来的代码:

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package cn.hy.study.basictype;

import java.io.PrintStream;

public class PrimitiveTypeStudy
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Long wrapperLong = Long.valueOf(1L);
long aLong = wrapperLong.longValue();
add(Long.valueOf(1L), Long.valueOf(1L));
add(Long.valueOf(1L), 1L);
add(1L, 1L);
}

public static Long add(Long first, Long second)
{
if (first.equals(second)) {
return Long.valueOf(first.longValue() + second.longValue());
}
return first;
}

public static long add(Long first, long second)
{
if (first.equals(Long.valueOf(second))) {
return first.longValue() + second;
}
return first.longValue();
}

public static long add(long first, long second)
{
if (first == second) {
return first + second;
}
return first;
}
}

通过javap -v -p PrimitiveTypeStudy.class 命令生成,字节码内容,为了对比的效果,我在前后加入反编译后的代码:

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Classfile /Users/jaryoung/project/demo/javabasic/out/production/classes/cn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy.class
Last modified Apr 3, 2019; size 1530 bytes
MD5 checksum db6d2b4373555e4e52196d58a3ba87b5
Compiled from "PrimitiveTypeStudy.java"
public class cn.hy.study.basictype.PrimitiveTypeStudy
minor version: 0
major version: 52
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #19.#44 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Class #45 // java/lang/Long
#3 = Methodref #2.#46 // java/lang/Long."<init>":(J)V
#4 = Methodref #2.#47 // java/lang/Long.longValue:()J
#5 = Fieldref #48.#49 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#6 = Class #50 // java/lang/StringBuilder
#7 = Methodref #6.#44 // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
#8 = String #51 //
#9 = Methodref #6.#52 // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#10 = Methodref #6.#53 // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#11 = Methodref #6.#54 // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
#12 = Methodref #55.#56 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#13 = Methodref #2.#57 // java/lang/Long.valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
#14 = Methodref #18.#58 // cn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy.add:(Ljava/lang/Long;Ljava/lang/Long;)Ljava/lang/Long;
#15 = Methodref #18.#59 // cn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy.add:(Ljava/lang/Long;J)J
#16 = Methodref #18.#60 // cn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy.add:(JJ)J
#17 = Methodref #2.#61 // java/lang/Long.equals:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
#18 = Class #62 // cn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy
#19 = Class #63 // java/lang/Object
#20 = Utf8 <init>
#21 = Utf8 ()V
#22 = Utf8 Code
#23 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#24 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable
#25 = Utf8 this
#26 = Utf8 Lcn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy;
#27 = Utf8 main
#28 = Utf8 ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
#29 = Utf8 args
#30 = Utf8 [Ljava/lang/String;
#31 = Utf8 wrapperLong
#32 = Utf8 Ljava/lang/Long;
#33 = Utf8 aLong
#34 = Utf8 J
#35 = Utf8 add
#36 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/Long;Ljava/lang/Long;)Ljava/lang/Long;
#37 = Utf8 first
#38 = Utf8 second
#39 = Utf8 StackMapTable
#40 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/Long;J)J
#41 = Utf8 (JJ)J
#42 = Utf8 SourceFile
#43 = Utf8 PrimitiveTypeStudy.java
#44 = NameAndType #20:#21 // "<init>":()V
#45 = Utf8 java/lang/Long
#46 = NameAndType #20:#64 // "<init>":(J)V
#47 = NameAndType #65:#66 // longValue:()J
#48 = Class #67 // java/lang/System
#49 = NameAndType #68:#69 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#50 = Utf8 java/lang/StringBuilder
#51 = Utf8
#52 = NameAndType #70:#71 // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#53 = NameAndType #70:#72 // append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#54 = NameAndType #73:#74 // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
#55 = Class #75 // java/io/PrintStream
#56 = NameAndType #76:#77 // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#57 = NameAndType #78:#79 // valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
#58 = NameAndType #35:#36 // add:(Ljava/lang/Long;Ljava/lang/Long;)Ljava/lang/Long;
#59 = NameAndType #35:#40 // add:(Ljava/lang/Long;J)J
#60 = NameAndType #35:#41 // add:(JJ)J
#61 = NameAndType #80:#81 // equals:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
#62 = Utf8 cn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy
#63 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#64 = Utf8 (J)V
#65 = Utf8 longValue
#66 = Utf8 ()J
#67 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#68 = Utf8 out
#69 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#70 = Utf8 append
#71 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#72 = Utf8 (J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#73 = Utf8 toString
#74 = Utf8 ()Ljava/lang/String;
#75 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#76 = Utf8 println
#77 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
#78 = Utf8 valueOf
#79 = Utf8 (J)Ljava/lang/Long;
#80 = Utf8 equals
#81 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
{
public cn.hy.study.basictype.PrimitiveTypeStudy();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 14: 0
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 5 0 this Lcn/hy/study/basictype/PrimitiveTypeStudy;
/*
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Long wrapperLong = Long.valueOf(1L);
long aLong = wrapperLong.longValue();
add(Long.valueOf(1L), Long.valueOf(1L));
add(Long.valueOf(1L), 1L);
add(1L, 1L);
}
*/
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=4, locals=4, args_size=1
0: new #2 // class java/lang/Long
3: dup
4: lconst_1
5: invokespecial #3 // Method java/lang/Long."<init>":(J)V
8: astore_1
9: aload_1
10: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/lang/Long.longValue:()J
13: lstore_2
14: getstatic #5 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
17: new #6 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
20: dup
21: invokespecial #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
24: ldc #8 // String
26: invokevirtual #9 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
29: lload_2
30: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
33: invokevirtual #11 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
36: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
39: lconst_1
40: invokestatic #13 // Method java/lang/Long.valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
43: lconst_1
44: invokestatic #13 // Method java/lang/Long.valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
47: invokestatic #14 // Method add:(Ljava/lang/Long;Ljava/lang/Long;)Ljava/lang/Long;
50: pop
51: lconst_1
52: invokestatic #13 // Method java/lang/Long.valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
55: lconst_1
56: invokestatic #15 // Method add:(Ljava/lang/Long;J)J
59: pop2
60: lconst_1
61: lconst_1
62: invokestatic #16 // Method add:(JJ)J
65: pop2
66: return
LineNumberTable:
line 19: 0
line 21: 9
line 22: 14
line 23: 39
line 24: 51
line 25: 60
line 29: 66
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 67 0 args [Ljava/lang/String;
9 58 1 wrapperLong Ljava/lang/Long;
14 53 2 aLong J
/*
public static Long add(Long first, Long second)
{
if (first.equals(second)) {
return Long.valueOf(first.longValue() + second.longValue());
}
return first;
}
*/
public static java.lang.Long add(java.lang.Long, java.lang.Long);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Long;Ljava/lang/Long;)Ljava/lang/Long;
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=4, locals=2, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: aload_1
2: invokevirtual #17 // Method java/lang/Long.equals:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
5: ifeq 21
8: aload_0
9: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/lang/Long.longValue:()J
12: aload_1
13: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/lang/Long.longValue:()J
16: ladd
17: invokestatic #13 // Method java/lang/Long.valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
20: areturn
21: aload_0
22: areturn
LineNumberTable:
line 39: 0
line 40: 8
line 42: 21
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 23 0 first Ljava/lang/Long;
0 23 1 second Ljava/lang/Long;
StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 1
frame_type = 21 /* same */
/*
public static long add(Long first, long second)
{
if (first.equals(Long.valueOf(second))) {
return first.longValue() + second;
}
return first.longValue();
}
*/

public static long add(java.lang.Long, long);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Long;J)J
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=4, locals=3, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: lload_1
2: invokestatic #13 // Method java/lang/Long.valueOf:(J)Ljava/lang/Long;
5: invokevirtual #17 // Method java/lang/Long.equals:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z
8: ifeq 18
11: aload_0
12: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/lang/Long.longValue:()J
15: lload_1
16: ladd
17: lreturn
18: aload_0
19: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/lang/Long.longValue:()J
22: lreturn
LineNumberTable:
line 53: 0
line 54: 11
line 56: 18
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 23 0 first Ljava/lang/Long;
0 23 1 second J
StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 1
frame_type = 18 /* same */
/*
public static long add(long first, long second)
{
if (first == second) {
return first + second;
}
return first;
}
*/
public static long add(long, long);
descriptor: (JJ)J
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=4, locals=4, args_size=2
0: lload_0
1: lload_2
2: lcmp
3: ifne 10
6: lload_0
7: lload_2
8: ladd
9: lreturn
10: lload_0
11: lreturn
LineNumberTable:
line 68: 0
line 69: 6
line 71: 10
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 12 0 first J
0 12 2 second J
StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 1
frame_type = 10 /* same */
}
SourceFile: "PrimitiveTypeStudy.java"

结论

除了 POJO 类属性 和 RPC 方法的返回值和参数之外,其他情况建议使用基本类型。


部分内容都是引用自:

《码出高效》
https://www.baeldung.com/java-wrapper-classes


Java的包装类型
https://jaryoung.com/2019/04/03/Java%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%85%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B/
作者
Jerry Wu
发布于
2019年4月3日 11:11
更新于
2022年2月9日 11:19
许可协议